How to Legally Change Your Name in Nigeria

Changing your name is a significant decision that reflects personal, cultural, or familial ties. Whether prompted by marriage, divorce, adoption, or a desire for a fresh identity, the process of legally changing your name in Nigeria is structured and requires careful adherence to specific procedures. This guide will walk you through the necessary steps, eligibility criteria, requirements, and costs involved in making your new name a legal reality

Understanding the Legal Framework

In Nigeria, the process for changing your name is governed by the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages Act. It’s essential to understand that a name change is not just a matter of preference; it involves legal recognition. Before initiating the process, ensure that you have a clear reason for the change, as this can help facilitate the process.

Reasons for Changing Your Name

People choose to change their names for various reasons. Some common motivations include:

• Marriage or Divorce: Many individuals adopt their partner’s surname or revert to their maiden name after a divorce.
• Cultural or Religious Reasons: Converting to a new faith may lead to adopting a name that aligns with one’s spiritual beliefs.
• Personal Preference: A desire for a more fashionable or meaningful name can drive individuals to seek a change.
• Correcting Errors: Mistakes in official documents regarding name order or spelling may necessitate a legal name change.
• Adoption: Children may take on the surname of their adoptive parents, creating a new familial connection.

Names hold power; they define us and reflect our identities. Thus, changing one’s name is often about more than just a title—it can signify a new chapter in life.

Eligibility Criteria for Changing Your Name

Before embarking on the name change process, ensure you meet the following eligibility criteria:

1. Age: You must be at least 18 years old to change your name independently. Minors will require parental consent.
2. Citizenship: You should be a Nigerian citizen or a resident with legal documentation.
3. Valid Reason: Your reason for changing your name must be lawful. It could be linked to personal identity, religious beliefs, or familial ties.

Requirements for Changing Your Name

The process involves several documents and steps, which include:

1. Application Letter: A formal letter addressed to the Chief Registrar of the state where you reside, stating your intention to change your name.
2. Deed of Change of Name: This document, stamped at the Stamp Duty Office, serves as a legal declaration of your name change.
3. Affidavit of Change of Name: A sworn affidavit that clearly states your old and new names. This is usually done at a High Court.
4. Letter of Attestation: A letter from a credible source, confirming your identity and intention.
5. Recent Passport Photographs: Two recent passport-sized pictures reflecting your current appearance.
6. Birth Certificate or Sworn Declaration of Age: This serves as proof of your identity and age.
7. Marriage Certificate (if applicable): This may be required if your name change is linked to marriage.
8. Newspaper Publication: You will need to publish a notice of your name change in a national newspaper.
9. Verification Letter from the Nigerian Bar Association (if applicable): This is relevant for legal professionals.

Step-by-Step Process to Change Your Name Legally

Step 1: Swear an Affidavit

The first official step in changing your name is to swear an affidavit at any High Court near you. This affidavit, often referred to as a “Deed Poll,” officially declares your intention to change your name. In this document, clearly state both your old and new names. The affidavit serves as the foundation for your legal name change and is crucial for subsequent steps.

Step 2: Publicize Your New Name

After preparing your affidavit, the next step is to publish your name change in a reputable national newspaper. This serves as public notice and provides transparency regarding your intention to change your name. The publication ensures that any interested parties are informed and reduces the risk of potential disputes later on.

Step 3: Apply for Gazette Publication

Following the newspaper publication, you must apply for your new name to be listed in the Nigerian Gazette. This official record finalizes the legality of your name change. There is a fee associated with this publication, and you’ll need to keep a copy of the Gazette notice for your records. This document is essential when updating your official identification.

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Step 4: Update Your Official Documents

Once your name has been gazetted, begin updating all legal documents to reflect your new name. This includes your passport, driver’s license, bank accounts, and any other records bearing your old name. Carry copies of your affidavit, newspaper publication, and the Gazette record as proof of your name change when visiting government offices and institutions.

Step 5: Notify Relevant Institutions

In addition to updating legal documents, you must inform various institutions about your name change. This includes your employer, schools, and any professional organizations. Providing them with a copy of your deed poll and any other required documentation ensures that your new name is recognized across all platforms.

Cost and Duration

The cost of changing your name can vary based on several factors. The main expense arises from the newspaper publication, which typically ranges from N5,000 to N10,000. Additional costs may include legal fees for drafting the affidavit and any charges associated with updating identification documents.

The duration of the name change process can also vary. Generally, it can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months, depending on legal formalities and your diligence in following through with the procedures.

Conclusion

Changing your name legally in Nigeria is a structured process that requires careful attention to detail and adherence to specific legal requirements. By ensuring that all aspects of your legal and social life align with your new identity, you can embrace this change with confidence and clarity. Your name is a vital part of who you are, and ensuring it reflects your true self is a powerful step in your personal journey.